Informatics Publishing Limited

Heba M. El Naggar ¹, Mohamed Sayed Madkour ¹, Hussein Ali Hussein ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Poultry Vaccines Production Unit, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia 11759, EG
2 Department of Virology, Cairo University, Giza 12211, EG

Abstract

Aim: To develop a mucosal inactivated vaccines for Newcastle disease (ND) and H9N2 viruses to protect against these viruses at sites of infections through mucosal immunity.

Materials and Methods: In this study, we prepared two new formulations for mucosal bivalent inactivated vaccine formulations for Newcastle and Avian Influenza (H9N2) based on the use of nanoparticles and polymer adjuvants. The prepared vaccines were delivered via intranasal and spray routes of administration in specific pathogen-free chickens. Cell-mediated and humoral immune response was measured as well as challenge trial was carried out. In addition, ISA71 water in oil was also evaluated.

Results: Our results showed that the use of spray route as vaccination delivery method of polymer and nanoparticles Montanide^TM adjuvants revealed that it enhanced the cell mediated immune response as indicated by phagocytic activity, gamma interferon and interleukin 6 responses and induced protection against challenge with Newcastle and Avian Influenza (H9N2) viruses.

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the potentiality of polymer compared to nanoparticles adjuvantes when used via spray route. Mass application of such vaccines will add value to improve the vaccination strategies against ND virus and Avian influenza viruses.

Keywords

Adjuvant, H9N2, Mucosal, Nanoparticles, Newcastle, Polymer.

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Zeinab Mohamed Ali ¹, Mervat Abd El Monaem Hassan ¹, Hussein Ali Hussein ², Basem Mohamed Ahmed ², Ahmed Abd El-Ghany El Sanousi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Poultry Vaccines, Production Unit Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia-11759, EG
2 Department of Virology, Cairo University, Giza-12211, EG

Abstract

Aim: The objective of the present study was to prepare a trivalent inactivated vaccine of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), H5N1, and H9N2 viruses.
Materials and Methods: Three monovalent and a trivalent vaccines were prepared by emulsifying inactivated NDV (LaSota strain), reassortant H5N1, and H9N2 viruses with Montanide ISA 71 oil adjuvant. Parameters used for evaluation of the efficacy of the prepared vaccines in specific pathogen-free chickens were cellular immunity assays (blastogenesis, interferon gamma, interleukin 1 [IL1], and IL6), humoral immunity by hemagglutination inhibition, protection percentage, and shedding.
Results: A single immunization with trivalent vaccine-enhanced cell-mediated immunity as well as humoral immune response with 90% protection against challenges with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza H9N2 viruses with 100% protection after challenge with NDV.
Conclusion: Development and evaluation of the trivalent vaccine in the study reported the success in preparation of a potent and efficacious trivalent vaccine which is a promising approach for controlling HPAI H5N1, LP H9N2, and ND viral infections.

Keywords

Avian Influenza, Immunization, Newcastle Disease Virus, Shedding, Trivalent Vaccine.

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